Global Thrivability

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Traditional, classroom-based language tuition has been overshadowed by innovative approaches, such as distance learning, supported independent learning and blended learning. This volume examines the use of language learning strategies in a range of independent settings, and addresses key issues for independent learners.

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Grounded in state-of-the-art research, this book explores how English language learners develop both the oral language and literacy skills necessary for school success. Chapters examine the cognitive bases of English acquisition, and how the process is d

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The Fourth Volume in the Studies in Interpretation Series The work of interpreters in legal settings, whether they are spoken or signed language interpreters, is filled with enormous complexity and challenges. This engrossing volume presents six, data-ba

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The 19th-century European notion of the one people-one language nation as the ideal state has been a very pervasive influence in spite of the fact that most countries in the world today are multilingual, that is they contain ethnic groups in contact and not infrequently in competition. Such thinking has held implications for the setting of language policies, from hanging a wooden clog around the neck of a child heard speaking Occitan in Southern France to the considerable budgeting in Ireland for the promotion of Irish. In this book, Paulston presents an analytical framework for explaining and predicting the language behaviour of social groups as such behaviour relates to linguistic policies for minority groups. She argues that a number of factors must be considered in the understanding and establishment of language policies for minority groups: (1) if language planning is to be successful, it must consider the social context of language problems, (2) the linguistic consequences for social groups in contact will vary depending on the focus of social mobilization, i.e. ethnicity or nationalism, and (3) a major problem in the accurate prediction of such linguistic consequences lies in identifying the salient factors which contribute to language maintenance or shift, i.e. answering the question “under what conditions?”. Part I outlines and discusses the analytical framework, beginning with a general consideration of language problems and language policies and of the social factors which contribute to language maintenance and shift. The author continues to discuss four distinct types of social mobilization, which under certain specified social conditions result in different linguistic consequences: ethnicity, ethnic movements, ethnic nationalism, and geographic nationalism. The argument is that such an understanding is vital to helpful educational policies and successful language planning in general. Part II contrasts and compares a number of case studies for clarification of their diverse courses of mother tongue maintenance. It particularly seeks to illustrate the type of social mobilization discussed in Part I and to understand the social conditions which influence and alter the effects of the type of social mobilization.

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Russian admiration for the poetry of Robert Burns dates not, as might be supposed, from the nineteenth century but from the Communist era, when Burns was regarded as a kind of people’s poet. The specific stimulus for the settings on this release by Shostakovich and the infamous Tikhon Khrennikov, from which the other works flowed, was the World War II alliance between the Soviet Union and Britain. Russian Jewish poet Samuil Marshak translated Burns into Russian, taking care to avoid the raunchier aspects (Stalin was a notorious puritan) and anything detracting from the main message of peasant virtue. He also required many words to say what Burns could say in a few. English translations included in the booklet are not translations of Burns but of Marshak’s translations, and they are in several cases a good deal longer than the originals. They also show Marshak’s massagings. The booklet includes two essays; one, by Burns scholar Andrew Noble, is critical of the Soviet appropriation of Burns, but both note the ways in which some of the composers, Shostakovich especially, worked at cross purposes with their lyricist. Burns’ war poetry calls forth some of the strongest responses from these composers, living under the shadow of a war in which 20 million soldiers died. The setting of Highland Laddie by Gyorgy Sviridov, composed in 1955, makes explicit the bleakness contained in Burns’ lyric. Burns’ humor largely goes by the wayside, although the sly setting of Comin’ Thro’ the Rye by Shostakovich (track 14) is an exception. Sviridov and Levitin were Shostakovich’s students, and their settings bear a resemblance to each other’s, although not so much to their teacher’s; the more conservative Khrennikov retreated to the language of late Russian romanticism, and it’s quite a shock to hear the words of “Auld Lang Syne” (whose popularity in North America is largely the work of the bandleader Guy Lombardo) set in this way. The ideological complexities involved in this music shouldn’t obscure the fact that it’s for the most part a lot of fun, and the performances by Ukrainian-British bass-baritone Vassily Savenko are enthusiastic and confident. He is ably accompanied by Aleksandr Blok, a relative of the poet of the same name. Another intriguing hour from the consistently original Toccata Classics label. ~ James Manheim, Rovi Performers: Alexander Blok – Piano; Vassily Savenko – Baritone (Vocal)